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| ἁγιάζω | I hallow, I sanctify |
| ἀγρός | a field |
| γῆ, γῆς, ἡ | earth, land (γῆ has the circumflex accent throughout, because there has been contraction) |
| ἐγγύς | adv. near |
| ἐλεέω | I have mercy on, I pity |
| ὅσος, -η, -ον | rel. adj., as great as, as much as, as many as |
| ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι | (plur. οἵτινες) indef. rel. pron., whoever, whichever, whatever; (scarcely used except in the nominative case; sometimes used almost like the simple relative pronoun ὅς) |
| οὖς, ὠτός, τό | an ear |
| ὀφθαλμός, ὁ | an eye |
| σκότος, σκότους, τό | darkness |
| ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό | water |
| φῶς, φωτός, τό | light |
404. The imperative mood occurs in the New Testament almost exclusively in the present and aorist tenses.
405. The present imperative, active, middle, and passive, is formed on the present stem; the aorist imperative, active and middle, on the aorist stem; and the aorist passive imperative, on the aorist passive stem. There is of course no augment. See §245.
406. The imperative mood has no first person, but only second and third.
407. The present active imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λῦε | loose (thou) | λύετε | loose (ye) |
| 3 | λυέτω | let him loose | λυέτωσαν | let them loose |
408. The present middle imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λύου | loose (thou) for thyself | λύεσθε | loose (ye) for yourselves |
| 3 | λυέσθω | let him loose for himself | λυέσθωσαν | let them loose for themselves |
409. The present passive imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λύου | be (thou) loosed | λύεσθε | be (ye) loosed |
| 3 | λυέσθω | let him be loosed | λυέσθωσαν | let them be loosed |
410. It will be observed that the present active and the present middle and passive imperative have the variable vowel ο/ε.
411. The aorist active imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λῦσον | loose (thou) | λύσατε | loose (ye) |
| 3 | λυσάτω | let him loose | λυσάτωσαν | let them loose |
412. The aorist middle imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λῦσαι | loose (thou) for thyself | λύσασθε | loose (ye) for yourselves |
| 3 | λυσάσθω | let him loose for himself | λυσάσθωσαν | let them loose for themselves |
413. It will be observed that the aorist active and the aorist middle imperative have the characteristic -σα of the aorist stem. This -σα is disguised only in λῦσον, the second aorist active imperative, second person singular.
414. The aorist passive imperative of λύω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λύθητι | be (thou) loosed | λύθητε | be (ye) lossed |
| 3 | λυθήτω | let him be loosed | λυθήτωσαν | let them be loosed |
415. It will be observed that the aorist passive imperative has the characteristic -θε of the aorist passive stem. This -θε is lengthened to -θη.
416. The second aorist active imperative of λείπω, I leave, is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | λίπε | leave (thou) | λίπετε | leave (ye) |
| 3 | λιπέτω | let him leave | λιπέτωσαν | let them leave |
417. The second aorist middle imperative of λείπω is as follows:
| sg | pl | |
| 2 | λιποῦ | λίπεσθε |
| 3 | λιπέσθω | λιπέσθωσαν |
418. It will be observed that the second aorist active and the second aorist middle imperative are formed on the second aorist stem. They have the same endings as the present imperative.
419. The second aorist middle imperative second person singular (e.g. λιποῦ) always has an irregular accent, instead of following the rule of recessive accent.
Further, the forms εἰπέ, ἐλθέ, from λέγω and ἔρχομαι, have an irregular accent.
There is no distinction of time between the tenses in the imperative mood. The aorist imperative refers to the action without saying anything about its duration or repetition, while the present imperative refers to it as continuing or as being repeated. Thus λῦσον means simply loose while λῦε means continue loosing, or the like. Ordinarily it is impossible to bring out the difference in an English translation. Compare §283.
The imperative mood is used in commands.
Examples: ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους μου, hear my words; ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκουέτω, let him who has ears hear. It will be observed that the English language has, properly speaking, no imperative of the third person. Hence in translating the Greek imperative of the third person we have to use the helping verb let, so that the noun or pronoun that is the subject of the imperative in Greek becomes the object of the helping verb in English.
Prohibition (the negative of a command) is expressed by the present imperative with μή or by the aorist subjunctive with μή.
Examples: (1) μὴ λῦε or μὴ λύσῃς, do not loose (μὴ λύῃς or μὴ λῦσον would be wrong); (2) μὴ λυέτω or μὴ λύσῃ, let him not loose; (3) μὴ λύετε or μὴ λύσητε, do not loose; (4) μὴ λυέτωσαν sau μὴ λύσωσιν, let them not loose.
The present imperative of εἰμί, I am, is as follows:
| sg | pl | |||
| 2 | ἴσθι | be (thou) | ἔσθε | be (ye) |
| 3 | ἔστω | let him be | ἔστωσαν | let them be |
I.
1. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀκούσῃ, παράλαβε μετὰ σοῦ ἕνα ἢ δύο.
2. ὃ ἐὰν ἴδητε τὸν Χριστὸν ποιοῦντα, τοῦτο ποιήσατε καὶ ὑμεῖς.
3. κύριε, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς, οὐ γὰρ ἐποιήσαμεν ἃ ἐκέλευσας.
4. μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὁ ἐν τῷ ὄρει.
5. οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσθε ὑμεῖς Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· Ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθάτω (*1) ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω (*2) τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς.
(*1) A first aorist ending is here placed on a second aorist stem, as very frequently in New Testament Greek. See §186, footnote.
(*2) The aorist passive of γίνομαι is the same in meaning as the aorist middle, the verb being deponent throughout. The meaning of the verb here is to take place, to be done.
6. ἀπόλυσον οὖν, κύριε, τὰ πλήθη· ἤδη γὰρ ἔρχεται ἡ νύξ.
7. μηδεὶς ἐξέλθη εἰς τὰ ὄρη, προσευξάσθωσαν δὲ πάντες τῷ πατρὶ αὐτῶν τῷ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.
8. λάβων αὐτὸν ἄγε πρὸς ἡμᾶς.
9. μηδενὶ εἴπητε ὃ εἴδετε.
10. ἐγέρθητε (*3) καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε· ὁ γὰρ κύριος σώσει ὐμᾶς.
(*3) The passive of ἐγείρω is frequently used as a deponent meaning I arise, I rise.
11. πάντα οὖν ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε, κατὰ δὲ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε· λέγουσιν γὰρ καὶ οὐ ποιοῦσιν.
12. ἔλεγεν αὐτῷ μαθητής τις Κύριε, κέλευσόν με ἐλθεῖν πρὸς σὲ ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Ἐλθέ.
13. ὅσα ἐὰν ἀκούσητε τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν καὶ ἴδητε τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὑμῶν εἴπετε καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.
14. ἃ ἐὰν ἀκούσητε ἐν τῷ σκότει κηρύξατε ἐν τῷ φωτί.
15. μακάριος ὅστις φάγεται ἄρτον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.
16. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει εἰσὶν ἱερεῖς πονηροί, οἵτινες οὐ ποιοῦσι τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ.
17. ἐξελθόντες εἴπετε πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσι τοῖς ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς γῆς ἃ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν.
18. ὅταν κληθῇς ὑπό τινος, πορεύθητι.
19. ὅταν ἴδητε ταῦτα γινόμενα, γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις.
20. ἴδετε πάντες ὑμεῖς τὰς χεῖράς μου· οὐ γὰρ ἐποίησαν αὗται αἱ χεῖρες ὧν λέγουσιν ἐκεῖνοι οὐδέν.
II.
1. Speak ye to all the Gentiles the things which I have spoken to you.
2. Do not say in your heart that ye do not wish to do the things which the king commands.
3. Let no one fear those evil priests, for whoever does the will of God shall go out with joy.
4. Let Him who has saved us through His blood have mercy on us in these evil days.
5. Whosoever loves God shall come to the light, but he who does not love Him shall walk in the darkness.
6. As many soever things as ye do, do in the light, in order that the name of God may be hallowed.
7. Let these men be baptized, for Christ has saved them through His word.
8. Pray to thy Father in heaven, for He will do whatsoever things thou askest.
9. Let not the king say this, for we are all faithful men.
10. Let us not do the things which the evil men said to us.
11. Have mercy on all men, for the Lord has had mercy on you.
12. As many things as are good, do; but as many things as are evil, do not even speak concerning these.
13. The disciples asked the apostle what they should eat, and the apostle said to them, "Go into the villages and eat the bread which is in them".
14. Do not begin to say in yourselves that you do not know the truth.
15. Let those who are in the fields not return into their houses.
16. Lord, save me, for I have broken thy commandments.