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161. From this point on, it will be assumed that the student will use the general vocabularies at the back of the book. The method of using them may be illustrated as follows:
(1) Suppose it is desired to translate they will begin into Greek. The first step is to look up the word begin in the English-Greek vocabulary. It is there said that begin is expressed by the middle voice of ἄρχω. The next step is to look up the word ἄρχω in the Greek- English vocabulary. With it, in the Greek-English vocabulary, the principal parts are given. The second of the principal parts is the future ἄρξω. It is the future which is desired, because they will begin is future. But it is the middle voice of ἄρχω, which means begin. Therefore we are looking for the future middle indicative (third person plural). That can be derived from ἄρξω after the analogy of λύω. If the paradigm of λύω be consulted, it will be discovered that the future middle indicative, third person plural, is formed from the second of the principal parts by retaining the λυσ- of λύσω and putting on -ονται instead of -ω. Treating ἄρξω in the same way, we keep ἄρξ- and add -ονται to it. Thus ἄρξονται is the form desired.
(2) If the form σώσει is found in the Greek-English exercises, the student will naturally guess that the second σ is the sign of the future just as the σ in the λύσει. He will therefore look up verbs beginning with σω-. Without difficulty σώζω will be found, and its future (the second of the principal parts) is discovered to be σώσω, of which, of course, σώσει is simply the third person singular.
(3) Similarly, if the student sees a form ἄξω he should at once surmise that the σ concealed in the double consonant ξ is the σ of the future. The present, therefore, will naturally be ἄκω or ἄγω or ἄχω. It may be necessary to try all three of these in the vocabulary until it be discovered that ἄγω is correct.
Of course these processes will soon become second nature and will be performed without thought of the individual steps.
162. The more difficult forms will be listed separately in the vocabularies, with references to the verbs from which they come.
163. But the forms of compound verbs will not be thus listed. For example, if the student sees ἀπελεύσεσθε in the exercises, he should observe that ἀπ- is evidently the preposition ἀπό with its final vowel elided. The simple verb form, then, with the preposition removed, is ἐλεύσεσθε. The first person singular would be ἐλευσομαι. This form will be found in the Greek-English vocabulary and will be designated as the future of ἔρχομαι. Therefore, since ἐλεύσεσθε comes from ἔρχομαι, ἀπελεύσεσθε will come from ἀπέρχομαι, and that is the verb which the student must finally look up.