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92. An enclitic is a word that goes so closely with the preceding word as to have normally no accent of its own.
Enclitics are thus to be distinguished from proclitics, which go so closely with the following words as to have no accent of their own (see §64). Proclitics give rise to no special rules of accent; they simply have no accent and produce no changes in the accenting of preceding or following words. But the case is very different with enclitics, which give rise to the following rules:
I. Accenting of the word before an enclitic
(1) The word before an enclitic does not change an acute on the last syllable to a grave.
Example: ἀδελφὸς μου is incorrect; ἀδελφός μου is correct.
(2) If the word before an enclitic has an acute on the antepenult, or a circumflex on the penult, it takes an additional accent (an acute) on the ultima.
Examples (audio):
ἄνθρωπός μου
δῶρόν σου
ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν
δῶρόν ἐστιν.
(3) If the word before an enclitic is itself a proclitic or an enclitic it has an acute on the ultima.
Examples (audio):
εἴς με
ἄνθρωπός μού ἐστιν
II. Cases in which an enclitic has an accent of its own
(1) An enclitic of two syllables retains its own accent when it follows a word that has an acute on the penult.
Example (audio):
ὥρα ἐστίν is correct because ἐστίν is an enclitic of two syllables. ὥρα μου, on the other hand, is correct because μου is an enclitic of only one syllable.
(2) An enclitic retains its accent when there is emphasis on the enclitic or when the enclitic begins a clause.